Which of the following statements is true?

1. A person will only qualify for protection in Canada if his/her reasons for fear fall within the established nexus of race, religion and membership in a particular social group.
2. According to the principle of non-refoulment, all refugee claimants cannot be removed from Canada, even if they are guilty of committing a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity.
3. Foreign nationals who initially leave their country for economic reasons can become refugees sur place if they have valid fears of persecution and harsh punishment upon return.
4. The new refugee determination system requires all refugee claimants to make refugee claims at a Canadian ports of entry.