Which of the following statements is true? a. With straight voting, all directors up for election are voted on by the shareholders at the same time in one general election. b. The preemptive right is designed to allow existing shareholders to buy shares of the new offering if they desire. c. The U.S. residents hold the shares of the non-U.S. companies in the form of foreign direct investment. d. If all preferred dividend payments that have been missed must be paid before any common stock dividend can be paid, the preferred stock is called participating preferred stock.