Which of the following statements is true regarding patent litigation?

a$.$ Patent litigation is only costly to multinational corporations.

b$.$ It is easy to prove misappropriation of emerging technologies.

c$.$ Patent litigation is costly$,$ but failing to protect intellectual property can be even more costly in the long run.

d$.$ When companies do not protect their patents, cybercrime escalates uncontrollably.

e$.$ If a company does not protect its patent, it loses the right to make the corresponding product in the future.