Which of the following strategies can be used to (a) reduce the Tuns’ federal income tax liability this year, (b) increase saving for retirement, and (c) help increase the likelihood that Jorge might qualify for a need-based scholarship? 

a.Contribute the maximum yearly amount to a Roth IRA. 

b.Implement an income shifting strategy by having Adora max out her 401(k) contributions while using her $100,000 in savings to offset living expenses. 

c.Contribute fully to a qualified section 529 plan. 

d.Purchase a variable annuity using Adora’s $100,000 in savings in order to defer taxes on distributions into the future, thereby decreasing assets available to fund Jorge’s college costs.