Which of the following would be a conservative muftis criticism of Islamic finance?

1. Modern day financial systems are built on usury, and there is no escaping it. Therefore, it is futile to attempt to avoid it.
2. Islamic finance is just a clever way of hiding riba, and does nothing to address the problem.
3. Riba in The Prophets day was different and more severe than riba today.
4. It is not the one who gives riba who commits a sin, but rather the one who takes it.

Under seignorage, the issuers of money derive the greatest real gains. Why?

1. The Cantillon effect generates asset bubbles.
2. A central bank can determine whatever assets it exchanges for money, due to its monopoly over the currency.
3. Deficit spending primarily benefits the government, and not the taxpayer.
4. They can spend the newly-issued money before inflation erodes its value.

Suppose that in 2030, millions of Boomers retire, and liquidate their assets to pay for retirement. What will this do to each Boomers retirement savings?

1. This will increase the value of their savings, as the real economy grows to keep up with the rising demand for assets.
2. Unknown. These assets, such as land and housing, are uncorrelated to economic conditions, and are correlated generally to local services.
3. This will decrease the value of their savings, as the market is flooded by assets.
4. Nothing. Savings are protected by robust pension plan requirements.