1. Which of the methods listed below would be a viable way to measure the ability of school districts to raise funds for any or all purposes?
2. A.Sumptuary taxes received
3. B.grants received by the school district
4. C.number of households in the attendance area of the district
5. D.assessed valuation of real property per capita

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. 3.2 - Which of the following statements is correct?
2. A.horizontal equity refers to the equal treatment of unequals
3. B.the vertical element of equity results from treating equals as equals
4. C.the horizontal component of equity is a result of treating unequals, unequally
5. D.vertical equity refers to the unequal treatment of unequals

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. 5.2 - Which of the following is NOT included in three variables used in the determination of taxes?
2. A.the tax base
3. B.the tax assessment
4. C.the tax rate
5. D.the tax yield

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. 7.3 - Describing the education finance systems of the 50 states is complex. Some commonalities do exist. Indicate the following that would be included in comparable funding patterns.
2. A.increase in the use of lotteries to supplant the funding of education
3. B.utilization of indiscriminate reward for effort programs
4. C.basic or foundation program
5. D.increase in local initiatives and property taxes to raise revenues

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. 4.2 - Identify which of the following may be a consequence of increases in state support for funding education.
2. A.decrease competition for state funds between school districts
3. B.reduce the role of local school boards in administering schools to an undesirable and irreversible point
4. C.increase extent of parent and school district wealth in determination of per pupil expenditure
5. D.decrease state reliance on state sales and income taxes for education

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. 2.2 - Which of the following is NOT included in the shortcomings in education needing attention from the Center on Education Policy report?
2. A.attracting and retaining qualified teachers
3. B.reduce dropout rates
4. C.pupil - teacher ratios are falling
5. D.reduce inequities between school districts

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. 9.1 - Select the statement from the following list which is included among the general guidelines that have arisen from state and federal court decisions regarding funding for education:
2. A.the court decisions have usually leaned toward favoring the school district over the taxpayer
3. B.funds earmarked for school finance are considered local funds rather than state funds
4. C.school finance funds, including tax monies, are state funds, not local ones
5. D.the courts have held that there should be a direct relationship to the taxpayer between the amount of taxes paid and the benefits that are received

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. 2.1 - Which of the following is a reason for increasing costs in education?
2. A.decreasing revenues for education from local, state and federal sources
3. B.privatization of many school services
4. C.schools reaching out to supply new curricula and provide new methods of attaining increasingly complex and comprehensive goals
5. D.the excess number of teachers available for teaching positions

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. 3.1 - The landmark court ruling of Serrano v. Priest (1971) did a lot to establish fiscal neutrality. Which of the following was included in the Serrano ruling?
2. A.a child's education could only be effected by the wealth of the state as a whole
3. B.mandated equal dollar expenditures per child
4. C.property taxes no longer allowed as a basis for providing local funding for education
5. D.increased spending ruled out for students with disabilities

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. 8.1 - Federal aid programs of the future must contain certain characteristics to be effective. Identify which of the following is included in those attributes:
2. A.they must not allow state and local support monies to be decreased.
3. B.funding should not be expected to be given to all states
4. C.federal funds should be allocated regardless of how they may affect the principle of equalization
5. D.it is not imperative that funds be used for specific programs that are in the national interest

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. 9.3 - Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines that courts have used to determine if the state is adequately financing schools?
2. A.the courts are generally inclined to construe statutes concerning taxation strictly
3. B.education is neither an explicit nor implicit right under the United States Constitution
4. C.school finance funds, including tax monies, are state funds, not local ones
5. D.the courts in each state have power to control public school funds and to determine how the public schools shall be financed regardless of state constitutions

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. 6.1 - Which of the following statements would be an improvement that would result from reducing the number of school districts?
2. A.state support formulas can be simplified, and the greater equality of educational opportunity for all school pupils can result as the number and kinds of administrative units are reduced
3. B.the smaller the school district, the greater the probability of efficiency in the expenditure of funds
4. C.the larger the school district, the more personal and responsive the district could be in reacting to local programs
5. D.larger school districts make possible the viability of greater innovation and implementation of local initiatives

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. 1.1 - Which of the following regarding the importance of education to our national economy is a true statement?
2. A.approximately 20 percent of the population of the United States is involved to some degree in education.
3. B.the percentage of Gross Domestic Product used for education has not been fairly consistent since 1970.
4. C.approximately 7.8 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product goes toward all education institutions.
5. D.education is an industry that has been able to adequately approximate its total productive output.

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. 6.3 - As long as school systems are having difficulties meeting community demands for achievement growth and other standards, the private management issue will continue to grow. Which of the following could have an impact on the allocation of state funds?
2. A.if schools or districts are not as efficiently operated with the same or even, in some cases, less per-pupil costs
3. B.if school boards are able to offer employees additional fringe benefits
4. C.if the quality and timeliness of school district services equals or exceeds those of private companies at an equal or lower cost
5. D.if for-profit companies are able to successfully attain their goals

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. 7.1 - Which of the following is one of the reasons why education was omitted from the United States Constitution?
2. A.the newly formed states did not regard education to be important at the time
3. B.the original 13 colonies had already established their own patterns of school organization
4. C.it was an unfortunate oversight that was corrected later in the Bill of Rights
5. D.the thirteen original colonies felt their patterns of school organization were already equitable, and no further attention regarding education was needed

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. 4.3 - Select the following factor that would not be appropriate to include in the determination of the weighted pupil process or formula:
2. A.special education factors
3. B.sparsity and or density factors
4. C.criteria for measuring student academic performance
5. D.grade level of students

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. 1.2 - Which of the following statements reflects the results from research regarding the relationship between achievement and funding?
2. A.school revenue was found to account for one-fourth of the variations in proficiency test scores.
3. B.teacher characteristics had no relationship to student performance
4. C.the more money schools spend the higher the achievement of students
5. D.relationships between spending on education and labor market outcomesis inconclusive

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. 3.3 - In the early history of the United States many of the individual states were slow in accepting major responsibility for financing public schools. Consequently:
2. A.the federal government had to play a major role in funding schools
3. B.local funding became necessary and proved to be the most fair and equitable means of funding schools
4. C.full local district funding was the first of all school finance systems
5. D.flat grants were implemented by states because of their ability to equalize funding for local districts

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. 6.2 - Mandated legislation at state and federal levels are factors that have resulted in:
2. A.the authority and duties of the local school boards being increased substantially
3. B.the reliance on local property taxes for school funding increasing dramatically
4. C.the powers and duties of local school boards being eroded and usurped
5. D.curriculum requirements becoming more decentralized

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. 5.1 - Which of the following statements is an accurate statement regarding the fairness of taxation?
2. A.a tax system that is proportional and does not include regressive features
3. B.a proportional tax where everyone would pay the same percentage
4. C.a fair tax system is one that contains progressive features
5. D.a regressive tax system that would not penalize taxpayers who earn more

1 points

QUESTION 21

1. 5.3 - There are certain basic principles and theories of taxation that are generally accepted as appropriate characteristics of a viable tax system at any level of government. Which of the following is NOT included as one of those characteristics?
2. A.low cost of collection
3. B.neutrality
4. C.flexibility
5. D.fairness or equity

1 points

QUESTION 22

1. 9.2 - The court decision of Rodriquez, agreed with all of the general principles except:
2. A.education is not a constitutional federal interest
3. B.the state's school finance system dealt with property-poor school districts, not individuals
4. C.education was a fundamental right for each student under the U. S. Constitution
5. D.the state's school finance system did not discriminate against any class of citizen

1 points

QUESTION 23

1. 7.2 -George Strayer and RobertHaigintroduced what many consider to be the real theory of equalization with their foundation program concept. Identify which of the following was included in the fundamental factors or standards that they proposed.
2. A.the program should be organized and administered to encourage local initiative and efficiency
3. B.every foundation program should insure equality of educational opportunity, and individual districts would not be allowed to increase revenues from their own additional tax levies
4. C.because the foundation program provides a state minimum amount of funding, it does not require local initiative and efficiency
5. D.the plan should encourage states to increase the number of school districts

1 points

QUESTION 24

1. 4.1 - Which of the following is NOT included in one of the three methods of state participation possible for financing and operating public schools?
2. A.state trust land funding from severance revenues
3. B.state operation of public schools, with reductions in local school board operational and administrative responsibilities
4. C.the foundation approach with local tax funds to produce a state-guaranteed level of support
5. D.complete state support with state basic programs increased to adequate levels