Which one of the following is not resulted in capital formation?

a Mr. X buys the bonds of a company which develops new ports out of his savings

b Mr. X subscribes to equity shares of an airline company in their IPO

c Mr. X buys a piece of land to grow organic vegitables

d Mr. X buys gold on the expectation that Gold price is likely to increase.

A typical equity funding cycle for a start-up is

a Venture Capital, Private Equity, Angel Investment and IPO

b Angel Investment, Venture Capital, Private Equity and IPO

c Angel Investment, Venture Capital, Commercial Bank and IPO

d Financial Institutions, Venture Capital, IPO and Commercial Bank

A company issues Non-convertible bond with Equity Warrants. This security is equal to

a Preferred stock

b Call Option

c Convertible Bond

d Differential Voting Rights Equity shares