Which one of the following is true with regards to passing-off?

Question 9 options:

a) The law of passing-off does not require proof of any intent to deceive or misrepresent.

b) In a passing-off action, the plaintiff must prove actual monetary damages occurred.

c) In a passing-off action, proof of trademark registration must be established.

d) Passing-off requires some proof of actual confusion.

e) The law concerning passing-off is founded in contract law.