1. While states vary in terms of criteria for involuntarily hospitalizing someone in a psychiatric hospital (civil commitment) currently all include the four elements of 1) dangerousness (to self or others and grave disability), 2) mental illness, 3) Need for treatment (can not hospitalize for need for treatment unless meet threshold for dangerousness and mental illness), 4) least restrictive care/alternative to inpatient treatment. Up the 1970s hospitalization was based solely on need for treatment. discusscivil commitment (involuntary psychiatric hospitalization) criteria and discus the pros and cons of shifting the primary criteria for civil commitment from Need for Treatment (up until 1970's) to Dangerousness as the threshold (include reference(s)). S Specifically for involuntary commitment, what are the implications of Need for Treatment vs. Dangerousness perspectives/criterion on 1) treatment, 2) length of stay, 3) individual constitutional rights vs. societal rights etc.