While the potential for high growth at ETSP is strong, Bill has not been able to devote as much attention to generating new business as he would like. Instead, he has been spending a good amount of his time dealing with relatively high turnover among his programmers. ETSP currently employs 20 programmers, but it is averaging about 50% turnover per year. While there is a wide supply of entry-level programmers in the labor market, the process of recruiting, hiring, and training each programmer requires a fair amount of cost, time, and effort. In an attempt to reduce the turnover problem, Bill decided to meet with the current employees to ask what changes he can make to improve employee retention so that he can focus on growing the business. After an extensive discussion, the employees suggested that Bill consider redesigning the jobs. Now Bill has to decide what to do. Discussion Questions 1. In your opinion, what are the primary causes of turnover? 2. What job-design options might help Bill reduce turnover among the employees? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these options? 4. What job-design changes would you recommend that would allow ETSP to focus on low costs and quality service for public organizations?