Why is the external environment so important to healthcare organizations? Which sectors of the environment do you think are most important for HCOs? Give examples.

What is a system? How is the open-system perspective useful for managing HCOs?

Compare and contrast planning at higher levels of an HCO with planning at lower levels.

How do services performed by staff physicians affect how administrative directors manage HCOs?

Discuss what are the most important responsibilities of a governing board.