Will Smith was an experienced project manager of a small design & manufacture shop. He had always had complete authority when working with the clients on specifications of the projects as well as when working with the project team on the schedule. His boss, however, did not feel comfortable letting Smith determine project budgets. The boss always did that himself. A client approached smith about designing a piece of surgical equipment. Smith was excited about this project because his usual job was to design and make parts of factory equipment. He was delighted to have a chance to do something that might directly affect humankind. Smith knew what the surgical tool was intended to do and had figured out what had to be done to design and manufacture it. He had even estimated the labor-hour requirement. He wanted to do all the planning discussions with the client, including discussions on the budget.