Within the five stages of evaluation of a communication programme or campaign, the results phase consists of:

a) measurement of outputs such as on-and off-line media coverage or documentation of stakeholders that received messages or attended meetings

b) pre-testing messages to determine appropriateness and how messages are presented and also received

c) compiling data or conducting primary research to obtain new data on particular issue

d) measurements of actual outcomes in terms of awareness, attitude, behavioural changes achieved