Would each of the following shift the Investment Demand for a private sector firm to the left or the right? Circle the direction and provide a brief reason for the shift.

a. Higher electricity costs for operating machinery:Investment Demand |

b. A tax break for businesses:Investment Demand |

c. An innovative new process that streamlines production:Investment Demand |

d. High levels of excess unused capital stock:Investment Demand |

e. Firms plan to increase inventories of a very trendy product:Investment Demand |

f. Businesses are pessimistic about future returns:Investment Demand |