X Lab 2: Graphing Part 0: What makes a good graph? A graph is an extremely important tool when attempting to communicate in physics. Its purpose is to visually communicate a dataset, and hopefully to make any trends obvious. Technically a data table can do the same thing, but a long data table is much harder to read than a graph. There are many components to a graph; this list details the parts that are absolutely necessary for every single graph you will create throughout your career in any science. 1. An informative title. 2. Clearly visible data points. 3. Axis labels that include units. In addition to the above, you can add the following to your graph in an attempt to communicate more information about your data set in the diagram. 4. Trendlines with their equations when appropriate. 5. A legend when you have more than one dataset on the graph. 6. Grid lines or labelled lines that mark points of interest as needed. Included below are two graphs, Graph A contains the bare minimum, while Graph B contains all of the above information. Graph A Graph B Free Fall Trial 1 Position (ml Free Fall Trial 1 V - 4.591 - 1.121+0.03 werassets Fit R' =1 1.60 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.20 0 1 + 1.00 1.00 1 E 0.80 Position ( 20 1 0.60 0.60 D.40 0.40 0.20 0.20} 0.00 0.100 0.200 0.300 0 0 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.000 0.100 0.200 0 0400 0.500 0.600 0 0.700 0.800 Time (s) Time (s)Part 1: What can we learn from the above graphs? 1. Observe the above graphs and try to find all of the differences between them. 0 Question 1: List all of the differences you find between the two graphs. For each difference, explain why you think that change (going from Graph A to Graph E!) made the graph more or less useful. There are no wrong answers here, I'm just trying to help you to think of graphs as containers of information. 2. The titles of these graphs tell us that they are mapping out position as a function oftime for an object experiencing free fall. As you will learn in this class, there are many things that we can drop and they don't always behave the same in free fall (unless we're in a vacuum). As such. I think this title could be more useful to the reader ifsomething were changed about it. c The following is a description of the experiment that produced the above graphs: "The data was taken by dropping a small cylinder through a tube that had photogates located every 15 centimeters along its length. The data from the photogates was processed to produce a plot of position vs. time. The cylinder is dropped manually after the data collection software is started, so the initial point does not occur at time t = O s. The tube was held vertically such that the cylinderwas essentially in free fall." c Question 2: From the given description above, can you come up with a better title than "Free Fall Trial 1?" What is your new title?' I Your title should be fairly short. but informative. It should contain enough descriptors that your reader will Know what data set they are looking at. lfyou wanted to. you could even argue that the given title is sufficient. You are welcome to take that path, but you must make a clear case as to why you think the title is ne as-is. 3. Graph B contains a fit line (see the equation in the upper right corner). c Question 3: Considering the fit line, and the given description of the experiment, what can you tell me about the initial velocity and the acceleration of the cylinder? (Answering this question requires some unit analysis! What are the units on the axes? How can those be turned into useful information in the graph equation?) I Clarification: What is the acceleration of this object? What is its initial velocity? Part 2: Making your own graph\" 1. First, we will need data. Open this groiectile motion simulation and navigate to the "Lab" tab to the right. 2. Set up your cannon however you like. 0 Question 4: What initial settings did you choose? {Initial height, initial velocity, and angle} 0 Question 5: Use your initial settings to determine the vertical and horizontal components of the initial velocity. Launch it! 4. Use the blue crosshair tool to measure the vertical {height} and horizontal (range) positions and a lunction of time. 0 Zoom in if needed [upper le comer) :- Record your data in a table like the one found below. 9' vsrllcal horizontal posltlon 5. Make a smgle graph containing both or the above positions versus time. 0 Be sure to include the necessary components as outlined above 0 Include a trendline and equation for each data set as well. 0 Data tables and graphs should always be submitted in your lab write up. 6. Write out the trendlines for both the vertical motion and horizontal motion. 0 Question 5: What physical quantities (acceieration, velocity. etc) can you pull out of these equations? What are those values tor the two types 01 motion? Should you need tutorials in any of the above three software, see the following links: 0 Making a graph in Goggle Sheets . I i . I . I I' E E | This one doesn't explain putting two data sets on one plot. To do so. right click inside your graph and select \"Setect Data." You can add more data columns from there by clicking "add" and then selecting the data from your spreadsheet. n