X WCLN.C? Name: Can you decipher a series of motion graphs and then reconstruct the initial set-up that was used to create them? Graphs can provide a great deal of information when it comes to describing an object's motion. Certainly, the shape of the graph can provide clues, but what about the slope and intercept? How does the slope change over time? What does this tell you about the motion? What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent? Once you find the pattern that exists between displacement-time and velocity-time graphs, reconstructing the initial setup is easy! BAQ EVRAe RO 8 e [T T D) 2021-09-20 Page 1 of 16 : 2 Of 16 Page 1 of 16 X WCLN.c: ; Instructions Using a pencil, answer the following questions. The lab is marked based on clarity of responses, completeness, neatness, and accuracy. Do your best! Please ensure that any data measured (or recorded) includes the appropriate number of significant digits (only one uncertain digit). This activity is divided into three sections: * Core this first section explores only the basic \"core\" ideas involved in understanding. Students must demonstrate a sound understand with all of their answers in this section BEFORE attempting the next section. e Mastery Your instructor will NOT review this section if the Core section above shows any misconceptions. In this section students will make predictions and apply the concepts and ideas learned above. For complete mastery it is expected that data collection and scientific procedures will be as accurate as possible. All work shown should be clear with any units included. Answers should be rounded off to the correct number of significant figures based on the data collected. e Ace - Once again, your instructor will only look at this section provided he/she is confident that the above Mastery criteria has been met. In this section students will demonstrate a deeper understanding of the concepts through error analysis, experimental design etc. Physics concepts from other units already covered will often be required here. In this project, you will be using the media \"Graphs and Ramps found at http://www.physicsclassroom.com/PhysicsClassroom/media/interactive/Graphs AndRamps/index.html to answer the following questions. Click on the Distance vs Time > Constant Speed. Your task is to match the graph they create at the bottom by setting the ramp heights (drag the posts up and down), and initial launch speed. 1. What does the slope of a d-t graph represent? 2. Describe the motion of the object graphed below. Use words like positiveegative, and increasing/decreasing/constant to describe the slope (velocity). 2021-09-20 Page 2 of 16 X WCLN.c; 3. Describe the motion of the ball moving across the following ramp configurations. Please note & wcln.ca 3 of 16 Page 2 of 16 X WCLN.C: b 3. Describe the motion of the ball moving across the following ramp configurations. Please note that the ball can only move to the right and the initial launch speed setting is considered to be to the right as shown by the arrows. A B c Lawnch Speed Lawnch Speed > 0 daer SDM *0 . Describe Motion: Describe Motion: Describe Motion: 4. Of the descriptions above, which of them matches the description you gave the graph in question (2)? 5. Now set-up your ramp to recreate the graph you are to match. Describe your configuration by sketching the successful ramp and launch speed below: Sketch of successful ramp: CHECK YOUR ANSWER! Graph created using your simulation: d t Does this set-up create the graph from question (2)? YES/NO Launch Speed setting (how many notches to the right) 2021-09-20 Page 3 of 16 X WCLN.C; ; Predict the shape of the d-t graph created by the ball on the ramp below. & wcln.ca i Page 3 of 16 ACC WCLN.C;:.\" Predict the shape of the d-f graph created by the ball on the ramp below. Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Launch Speed =1 "notch\" 6. Identify the motion of each section above by circling the correct description below: a. Section 1 (circle correct option): e constant positive velocity * constant negative velocity e increasing velocity e decreasing velocity b. Section 2 (circle correct option): e constant positive velocity e constant negative velocity * increasing velocity o decreasing velocity c. Section 3 (circle correct option): * constant positive velocity * constant negative velocity e increasing velocity e decreasing velocity d. Section 3 is (faster/slower) than Section 1. (circle) 2021-08-20 Page 4 of 16 e decreasing velocity s (faster/slower) than Section 1. (circle) 5 of 16 2021-089-20 Page 4 of 16 x WCLN.(: ' When the ramp is constructed and START is activated, the following "strobe" effect shows the position of the ball at equal time intervals as it follows the track: Launch Speed =1 "notch" 7. Examine the spacing between the balls on each of the sections (as defined above). What, in general, can you say about the spacing, and the motion of the ball? Describe how you can determine whether or not the ball is accelerating (or "decelerating"), moving at a constant velocity, moving slow or moving fast. 8. Draw the d-t graph for this ramp below: Distance time 2021-09-20 Page 5 of 16 & wcln.ca 6 of 16 2021-09-20 Page 5 of 16 Xx WCLN.C: b Click Back, then select the Distance vs Time > Speeding Up option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 9. The d-t graph curves upwards. Describe what is happening to the slope (equivalent to the ball's ) of this graph using words like positiveegative, and increasing/decreasing/constant. 10. Since the slope is constantly changing, we must define it using a tangent line at each point along the curve. What is a tangent line? Define it in terms of a graph (quick internet search will work for this). . Examine the tangent line for the graph you are trying to match at time = 0s. Describe this "initial velocity" or launch speed. 12. Run two extremes: Set the Launch Speed = (. Examine the initial r = 0 slope (tangent line). Now set the Launch Speed = Max. Examine the initial r = 0 slope. Summarize how the Launch Speed affects the shape of your graph below. 13. Now set-up your ramp to recreate the graph you are to match. Describe your configuration by sketching the successful ramp and launch speed below: Sketch of successful ramp: Launch Speed setting (how many notches to the right) 2021-09-20 Page 6 of 16 X WCLN.C; & wcln.ca I setting (how many notches to the right) 7 of 16 & : \" 2021-09-20 Page 6 of 16 X WCLN.C: Click Back, then select the Distance vs Time > Slowing Down option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 14. The d-t graph curves downwards. Describe what is happening to the slope (equivalent to the ball's ) of this graph using words like positiveegative, and increasing/decreasing/constant. 15. Examine the tangent line for the graph you are trying to match at time 7 = 0s. Describe this "initial velocity" or launch speed. 16. Now set-up your ramp to recreate the graph you are to match. Describe your configuration by sketching the successful ramp and launch speed below: Sketch of successful ramp: Launch Speed setting (how many notches to the right) 2021-09-20 Page 7 of 16 X WCLN.C: & wcln.ca 8 of 16 2021-08-20 Page 7 of 16 X WCLN.cgs Summary: Complete the table below by writing the LETTER of the matching description and graph. ALWAYS check your answers by quickly reconstructing the ramp and running the simulation: Ramp: Description (select letter Graph (select letter D-F firom Description Choices from Graph Choices below) below) Launch Speed Launch Speed \"Note: this set-up is not possible 'with this simulator Launch Speed Description Choices: A. Small, positive, initial velocity. Ball speeds up with a positive acceleration. B. Large, negative, initial velocity. Ball slows down with a positive acceleration. C. Large, positive, initial velocity that remains constant as it moves to the right. Graph Choices: (hint: if you can describe the slope, you are describing the velocity!) D E [ F 2021-08-20 Page 8 of 16 @ wcln.ca 10:32 514 9 of 16 Page 8 of 16 Physics: Motion WCLN.ca* Draw the ramps that would create the following graphs below. Be sure to describe the initial velocity settings (Launch Velocity). Hint: the "right" is the positive direction, the "left" is the negative. Unlike the simulation, you may assume that your launch speed settings could be either right or left. Draw ramp: launch speed setting 2021-09-20 Page 9 of 16 Physics: Motion WCLN.ca* wcln.ca\f: 11 Of 16 Page 10 of 16 X WCLN.ca* Part 2: Mastery Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Constant Speed option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 1. The v-t graph for this remains flat. The slope of this graph is zero. What does the slope of a v-1 graph represent in kinematics? 2. Given the above answer, what shape would the ramp have to be for this to be true? Why not other shapes? 3. Now set-up your ramp to recreate the graph you are to match. Describe your configuration by sketching the successful ramp and launch speed below: Sketch of successful ramp: Launch Speed setting (how many noiches to the right) 2021-08-20 Page 11 of 16 Xx WCLN.C; Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Slowing Down option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. & wcln.ca 10:32 514 12 of 16 2 Page 11 of 16 Physics: Motion WCLN.ca* Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Slowing Down option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 1. The simulation creates a graph similar to the one below: V a. The y-intercept of this graph represents what? b. According to the graph above, is the ball moving to the right (positive) or to the left (negative? How can you tell? c. The v-t graph can tell us about the object's acceleration. Describe the acceleration of the ball that created the above graph. Use words like positiveegative/zero and constant/increasing/decreasing. 2. Now set-up your ramp to recreate the graph you are to match. Describe your configuration by sketching the successful ramp and launch speed below: Sketch of successful ramp: Launch Speed setting (how many notches to the right) 2021-09-20 Page 12 of 16 Physics: Motion WCLN.ca* 2 Click Rack than colost the Goood ve Time Cooodina In a Dicauce the similarition and wcln.ca13 of 16 e .. Page 12 of 16 X WCLN.c: ' 3. Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Speeding Up option. Discuss the similarities and differences between this graph and the one in question (2) above. Be sure to discuss both the slope and the intercept and relate them to what they represent. 4. Summarize the shape of the v-f graph that would satisfy the descriptions below. Draw a quick sketch to represent each description. Constant positive velocity v - Constant negative velocity v . Speeding up at a steady rate in the positive direction v . Speeding up at a steady rate in the negative direction v . Slowing down at a steady rate in the negative v direction | t 2021-09-20 Page 13 of 16 wcufc' & wcln.ca 1 at a steady rate in the negative v 14 of 16 2021-09-20 Page 13 of 16 X WCLN.C? Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Speeding Up then Slowing Down option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 5. Sketch the graph that you need to match along with the successful ramp configuration below: Graph (Speeding Up then Slowing Down) Successful Ramp: (sketch below) - 6. Imagine the ball above started on the right hand side of the ramp and moved left (in the negative direction but still speeding up then slowing down.). Draw the v-f graph for this new situation that takes into account this direction change. - 2021-09-20 Page 14 of 16 & wcln.ca Page 14 of 16 15 0f 16 X WCLN.C? Part 3: Ace Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Steady then Changing Speed option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 1. Setup a ramp that successfully matches the graph generated by the simulation. Sketch the v- graph and the successful ramp below. Then deduce what the d-f graph would look like based off of both the ramp you created and the v-t graph you matched. Sketch this d-f graph below. v-t graph to match Successful Ramp Configuration | d-t graph Click Back, then select the Speed vs Time > Slowing Down then Speeding Up option. The simulation once again creates a graph that you are to recreate. 2. Set up a ramp that successfully matches the graph generated by the simulation. Sketch the v-f graph and the successful ramp below. Then deduce what the d-r graph would look like based off of both the ramp you created and the v-t graph you matched. Sketch this d-f graph below. v-t graph to match Successfil Ramp Configuration | d-t graph v d 2021-08-20 Page 15 of 16 Xx WCLN.c'a'- 3. Ifyou dropped the ball from rest into a spherical bowl, what would the d-t and v-t graphs both look like? @ wcln.ca 10:32 514 16 of 16 t 2021-09-20 Page 15 of 16 Physics: Motion WCLN.ca* 3. If you dropped the ball from rest into a spherical bowl, what would the d-t and v-t graphs both look like? Ball dropped into bowl v-t graph d-t graph V wcln.ca C