You are a counselor at a domestic violence shelter and you want to examine whether victims who complete counseling will report lower levels of drug use post-counseling, compared to their levels of drug use prior to counseling. You want to compare their average level of drug use before counseling to their after level of drug use post-counseling. Which statistical test will you use to investigate this question? Two sample t-test for dependent samples, Two sample t-test for independent samples, One sample t-test Or Correlation

You are a police chief and you believe that African Americans and Hispanics will report greater mistrust of criminal justice actors than Caucasians. To test this idea, you distribute a survey to 250 citizens in your city with 15 questions on mistrust of all criminal justice actors (police, courts, prison officials, etc). Higher scores on the survey represent higher levels of mistrust. You find that the average level of mistrust for each race is as follows: Caucasians: 12.3 African American: 13 Hispanic: 13.5 This produces a test statistic of 2.37. Using a .05 level of significance, will you conclude that there is a significant difference in the average levels of mistrust across races? Yes or No

You are a criminologist and you believe that banks that are on the corner of an intersection are more likely to be robbed than banks that are not on the corner of an intersection. You take a sample of 25 banks within your large city and record two pieces of information: (1) whether they are located on a corner (no vs. yes), and (2) whether they have been robbed within the past 3 months (no vs. yes). What type of statistical test will you use to examine this association? Chi-square, Correlation, Two sample t-test for dependent samples, or ANOVA.

I am comparing the average number of self-reported crimes between property offenders and violent offenders. I have 80 property offenders and 41 violent offenders and the estimated t-value comparing the average number of self-reported crimes between the two groups is 2.22. At the .05 level of significance, is there a significant difference in the average number of self-reported crimes between property and violent offenders? Yes or No

You are examining whether there is a linear relationship between number of speeding tickets and the number of traffic accidents for your county over the past 10 years. You have the raw number of speeding tickets and the raw number of traffic accidents for every year between Jan 1998-Jan 2008. Your slope value is .82 and the t value associated with your slope is 2.28. Using the appendix in the back of the book, is there a significant linear relationship between the number of speeding tickets and the number of traffic accidents with the past 10 years? Yes or No

You are a police researcher and you want to find out if districts with mandatory arrest laws for domestic violence have fewer intimate partner homicides than districts without mandatory arrest laws for domestic violence. You take a sample of districts in your state and find that there are 40 districts with mandatory arrest and 25 districts without mandatory arrest laws. You want to compare the average number of intimate partner homicides between those with mandatory arrest to those without mandatory arrest. The average number of intimate partner homicides is 3.5 for those with mandatory arrest laws and 7 homicides for those without mandatory arrest laws. Which statistical test will you use to examine whether there is an association between mandatory arrest laws and intimate partner homicides? Two sample t-test for independent samples, ANOVA, Regression, or One sample t-test

You are a court researcher and you believe that defendants who have public attorneys will receive a longer sentence than defendants who can afford a private attorney. You compare the average sentences between 75 individuals with a public attorney and 75 individuals who have a private attorney. Your estimated t value is 1.72. Using a .05 level of significance, is there a significant difference in the average sentence lengths between those with private attorneys vs. those with public attorneys? Yes of No

You are a courts researcher and you are curious whether judges and jurors would agree on the guilt of a defendant. You have case information from 25 cases from different judges in four large counties. For each case, you ask the judge whether they thought the defendant was guilty and you ask one juror from the case whether he/she thought the defendant was guilty. You have two pieces of information: (a) the judge's opinion (guilty vs. not guilty), and (b) the juror's opinion (guilty vs. not guilty). You calculate your test statistic and find that it is 4.38. Is there a significant difference in the judges' and jurors' opinions at the .05 level of significance? Yes or No

You are a courts researcher and you want to find out if judges are more likely to depart from presumptive sentencing guidelines for African Americans compared to Caucasians in your area. You collect data on 125 criminal cases over the past 3 years in your county. You have two pieces of information to test this idea: (a) whether the defendant was African American or Caucasian, and (b) whether the judge departed from the presumptive sentence or not. What statistical test will you use to examine this research question? Chi-square, Correlation, Regression, or Two sample t-test for independent samples.