You are a human rights advocate at an NGO that provides advocacy support and legal assistance to survivors of torture and human right abuses. have just met with "M.L." who resides in the United States. Just over a year ago, she fled the country of Dystopia, applied for asylum, and recently was granted refugee status in the United States. M.L. was granted asylum because she was tortured by Dystopian officials on account of her political opinion, which was very anti-Government. Walking around her neighborhood in Tucson the other day, M.L. saw one of her torturers on the street. She believes his name is D.O. As a survivor of torture, M.L. wants those who violated her human rights to be held accountable. She asks you to explain to her the options for bringing to justice those who tortured her. In the very least, she wants to pursue criminal and/or civil action against the individual (D.O.) she saw on the street. Please answer Questions 1 and 2.

Question

Question 1. Can D.O. be criminally prosecuted in a U.S. court for the torture of M.L.? If yes, what statute applies and what is the basis for jurisdiction over D.O.?

Question 2. Can M.L. sue D.O. in a civil lawsuit in a U.S. court for torturing her? If yes, what statute applies? Is there any U.S. case law that might prevent her from bringing a lawsuit? Explain.

M.L. wants to know the answers to Questions 3, 4, and 5.

Question 3. What international treaty might be applicable to this situation? Why?

Question 4. If M.L.'s husband and daughter enter illegally, can they be penalized according to international law? Explain.

Question 5. Is her husband precluded from applying for asylum and receiving refugee status on account of his conviction, according to international law? Explain and include any questions you might have for M.L

Question 6. If M.L.'s husband enters illegally, can the United States return him to Dystopia, under international law? Explain.

Question 7. Staying focused on the facts and scenario described in Section Three, answer either Question A or Question B:

A) What United Nations body might be best suited to address this human rights situation? Why?

B) What body in the Inter-American system might be best suited to address this human rights situation? Why?

Question 8. Please describe and explain to M.L. the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P). You may also want to include one or two real-life events/situations/examples to assist in explaining the doctrine or, for purposes of illustration.