You are a loan offer at a community bank. You are working with a client Jucheng, who is referred by Dave. Dave is a friend of Jucheng, and Jucheng is now working with you to secure his first home loan. With acceptance of Jucheng's offer on a home, he must secure financing.

Jucheng is currently applying for a home loan while Dave applied recently. Differences in Dave and Jucheng's financial situations distinguish them as loan applicants. Both loan applicants are buying homes of similar value and their income is similar.

Jucheng's Profile:

Jucheng only recently accepted employment offering stable income, something he has not had in the past. Jucheng finds it harder to show a record of stable income and employment to meet income documentation requirements. Jucheng's income has historically been irregular. He supplemented his earnings with the sale of imported Asian Medicinal products but revenues from Jucheng's supplemental income have also been historically irregular. Jucheng manages each of his business enterprises as Sole Proprietorships. Family contributed funding. He also has personal responsibility for business debts, including a business line of credit with balances and payments that are high in relation to his business income. Jucheng's amount of savings is low.

Dave's Profile

Dave has had a stable source of income and has not moved between firms for many years. He has low debt in relation to his assets. Investments listed on Dave's mortgage loan application counterbalanced the liability of the mortgage loan. The origin or his down payment is savings from past earnings, so his financial "claim" to these funds is clear. He had made no major purchases in recent years and had no major changes in his financial situation. Always having stable income, Dave pays his debts on time. His debt to income ratio is low.

1. From the perspective of the lender, Jucheng's request for a loan is more problematic than Dave's because Jucheng is less able to document his income, assets, and liabilities. The bank needs information to prove that a borrower is likely to repay a loan. Investors considering investing in a firm are interested in similar issues.Briefly discuss why firms issue financial statements, considering any one category of user interested in these statements.
2. Using any one type of financial ratio as an illustration, explain how financial statements offer a picture of a firm's ability to serve as a good manager of invested funds.
3. Discuss any one financial ratio that a financial institution might use to evaluate the the suitability of an applicant for a personal loan (as an example of one ratio, search for the term "debt-to-income ratio").
4. Discuss the similarities between a corporate income statement and balance sheet and the documentation required of a mortgage loan applicant.