You are a U$.$S$.-$based importer of bicycles and just bought competition$-$style bicycles for $102,000$ from Italy. You owe $102,000$ to the Italian supplier in one year. You are concerned about the amount of dollars you will have to pay for this purchase in one year. Suppose:

Spot exchange rate is $$1\mathrm{.}60$ per euro

Forward exchange rate is $$1\mathrm{.}35$ per euro

U$.$S$.$ interest rate is $3\mathrm{.}10\%$ per annum

Interest rate in Europe is $4\mathrm{.}10\%$ per annum

Call option with strike price of $$1\mathrm{.}40$ per euro is available with premium of $$0\mathrm{.}20$ per euro.

Put option with strike price of $$1\mathrm{.}40$ per euro is available with premium of $$0\mathrm{.}30$ per euro.

Required:

a$-1.$ Unhedged position: Suppose you decide not to do anything. In one year, the spot rate happens to be $$1\mathrm{.}60$ per euro. What will be the total dollar cost of this purchase then?

a$-2.$ What will be the total dollar cost if the spot rate happens to be $$1\mathrm{.}40$ per euro in one year?

a$-3.$ What will be the total dollar cost if the spot rate happens to be $$1\mathrm{.}50$ per euro in one year?

a$-4.$ Are you subject to exchange rate risk in this case?

b$-1.$ Forward market hedge: How can you lock in the exact dollar cost of this purchase by using forward contracts? Should you agree to buy or sell $102,000$ forward in one year$$s time?

b$-2.$ What will be the total dollar cost of this purchase with the forward hedge?

b$-3.$ Are you subject to exchange rate risk in this case?

c$-1.$ Money market hedge: How can you hedge using money market hedge? Where should you borrow and how much?

c$-2.$ What will be the total dollar cost of this purchase with money market hedge?

c$-3.$ Are you subject to exchange rate risk in this case?

d$-1.$ Option market hedge: How can you hedge using options? Should you purchase put or call options on euros?

d$-2.$ What is the total premium today?

d$-3.$ When will you exercise your options and what will be the total dollar cost if you exercise?

d$-4.$ And when will you not exercise your options and what will be the total dollar cost then?

e$-1.$ Comparing hedging methods: What are the break$-$even exchange rates between hedging methods?

e$-2.$ When do you prefer which hedging method?