You are assigned to a project which needs to design a traffic light timing system for all traffic lights in your city. With respect to the concept of Deadlock Prevention, explain how will you design the system?

(Try to use Mutual exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Pre-emption and Circular Wait in your solution.)

In a single-user system, determine whether buffering, spooling, caching, or a combination of these should be used for each of the following I/O scenarios. Explain your answer.

a. A mouse used with a graphical user interface.

b. A tape drive on a multitasking OS.

c. A disk drive containing user files.