You are interested in the effects of toy types and gender on schoolchildren's aggressive behavior. You recruit 500 schoolchildren and randomly assign them to play in a room with either toy guns or stuff animals for five minutes. You also measure their gender (male, female). After that, you put a bobo doll in the room and leave the room. With a hidden camera, you observe how many times each participant punches the bobo doll in the following five minutes.

1. What is the independent variable? How many levels does it have? 2. What is the participant variable? How many levels does it have? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Is this a between- or within-subjects design? 5. Describe the study using factorial language. This is a ___ (__________: __________ , __________) ___ (__________ : __________, _________) __________-subjects design.