You are interested in the probability of the outcome when rolling a six-sided die. Answer the following questions using p to denote the probability of this outcome.

(a) You suspect that for this die the outcome does not occur with the same probability as with a fair die. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses based on which you may make a statistical inference regarding your suspicion.

(b) You suspect that for this die the outcome occurs with greater probability than with a fair die. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses based on which you may make a statistical inference regarding your suspicion.

(c) You suspect that for this die the outcome occurs with lesser probability than with a fair die. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses based on which you may make a statistical inference regarding your suspicion.

(d) You believe that for this die the outcome occurs with the same probability as with a fair die.

How might you collect evidence in support of your belief?

Which is easier: to collect evidence in favor of balancedness or to collect evidence against balancedness?

(p) All Markov chains must have a finite number of states. (q) All irreducible Markov chains must have a finite number of states. (r) All irreducible Markov chains are periodic. (s) All irreducible Markov chains are aperiodic. (t) All discrete-time Markov chains are irreducible.Consider a Markov chain {Xn : n = 0, 1, 2, ...} with state space {1, 2, 3} and one-step transition probability matrix O NIH NIH P = O 0 O (a) Mark O or X: ( ) The Markov chain is irreducible. ( ) The Markov chain is aperiodic. ( ) The Markov chain is transient. ( ) The Markov chain is recurrent. ( ) The Markov chain is null recurrent. ( ) The Markov chain is ergodic. (b) Calculate P(X5 = 1/X2 = 1). (c) Find limn + P(Xn = 1/X2 = 1)