You are the judge

5.7Colin is charged with robbery. It is alleged that Colin snatched a gold necklace from a middle-aged lady downtown. Colin was arrested by Officer Olson shortly after the robbery. The prosecution calls Officer Olson to testify. Officer Olson testifies that he did not see Colin snatch the necklace from the lady but he saw a crowd of people chasing after Colin. He joined the chase and arrested Colin. Was the crowd's conduct of chasing after Colin assertive or nonassertive conduct? Can Officer Olson testify about the crowd's chasing after Colin? Is the testimony hearsay?

5.8Bruce is charged with distribution of child pornography. A search warrant was issued. It authorized the police to search Bruce's residence and computer. In Bruce's computer the police found 50 e-mails. In the e-mails the senders asked Bruce to send them pictures of naked girls or boys. The prosecution asks the police officers to testify about the e-mails. Bruce objects, claiming the testimony is hearsay. Was the conduct of those who sent e-mails to Bruce assertive or nonassertive conduct? Is the officers' testimony about the e-mails hearsay?