You bought one of Great White Shark Repellant Co.'s 8 percent coupon bonds one year ago for $780. These bonds make annual payments and mature 7 years from now. Suppose you decide to sell your bonds today, when the required return on the bonds is 9 percent. If the inflation rate was 3.5 percent over the past year, what was your total real return on investment?

How do I calculate the PVIFA, before the nominal return?