You have been hired by a large technology company to conduct some research. The company is starting up a new manufacturing line, and is interested to know if the error rates in product manufacture can be reduced with training.

The new division has 20 front line workers, and these workers are randomly and evenly assigned to one of 4 training programs: basic (the standard program, 4 hour length), intermediate (8 hour length), advanced (16 hour length), and intensive (24 hour length).

For each worker, the number of errors made in their first 200 hours of work is recorded (as errors per month). Your ANOVA results and the distributions of each group are as follows:

BASIC (Group1): mean = 42 errors/month

INTERMEDIATE (Group2): mean = 40 errors/month

ADVANCED (Groups 3): mean = 34 errors/month

INTENSIVE (Group 4): mean = 33 errors/month

Source	SS	df	MS	F
Training (Between)	294	?	?	43.56
Error (Within)	36	?	?
Total	330

Questions:

1. How many degrees of freedom are there: a) between groups, and b) within groups. [1 mark]

2. What are the values for MS-between and MS-within? [1 mark]

3. At =0.05, what is the critical value of F for this study? You will need to look this up in a table. [1 mark]

4. Does the calculated F-score reflect a significant difference? What does this finding tell us about the effect of training on error rates? [1 mark]

5. The Tukey HSD for this scenario is 2.71. What does this tell us about each of the 4 groups in terms of being significantly different from one another? [2 marks]

6. Write an APA results statement to summarize the findings. [2 marks]

7. Which of the four training programs would you recommend that the company uses to train future employees at their manufacturing plants? Explain why would you recommend this program over the others? [2 marks]