You have just finished meeting with Paul and Christine, a married couple, who have come to you for some tax advice. They brought along information about Paul's employment income for 2019.

For several years, Paul has been a commission salesperson working for a company that sells technology solutions to businesses. For 2019, he earned a base salary of $180,000 plus commissions based on his sales. He travels across the country for work and is very successful. He is responsible for paying certain expenses when he is travelling, while his employer is responsible for other expenses. Paul is responsible for paying any entertainment and promotional costs he incurs, as well as air transportation, hotel, and meal costs while he is travelling for business.

Beginning March 1, 2019, Paul's employer provided him with a leased vehicle for the rest of the year. He had no car before this date. As his employer does not have an office in Vancouver, Paul operates out of his home office, where he principally conducts business. He has a desk and computer equipment that he owns. This office represents 10% of the floor space in Paul's home. While he does not see clients at his home, he does use this space exclusively for business. Paul provides you with the following information for 2019:

Paul:

Salary paid during the year $180,000

Commission income paid during the year 20,000

Expenses paid personally:

Utilities for house 2,000

Minor repairs to home 1,700

Property taxes 3,500

Travel costs (airline tickets and hotel costs) 15,000

Meals while travelling 5,000

Entertainment of clients 6,000

Promotional material (brochures) 200

House insurance 600

Mortgage interest 10,000

New computer and printer purchased this year 2,500

Golf membership for golfing with clients 4,000

Benefits paid for by employer:

Vacation for Paul and Christine as a reward for having the largest increase in sales this year $6,000

Health and dental benefits2,000

Long-term disability insurance with wage-loss protection 500

Group term life insurance 960

Financial planning - annually, employer pays for one meeting with a financial planner for each employee 1,000

Gift to Paul provided on his birthday - front-row tickets to a hockey game 900

Monthly lease payment on the company car 750

Car operating costs (maintenance, fuel, insurance) 6,000

Total kilometres driven 40,000 KM

Personal kilometres driven 15,000KM

Gift from customer:

Golf clubs as a gift from a very happy customer$1,200

Paul's payment to his employer for personal use of the vehicle within 45 days of the year end$1,500 Paul has notified his employer that, if he is eligible, he will elect to use the "lesser of" calculation for the operating cost benefit on the vehicle.

Required: a) Determine the expenses that Paul can deduct from his employment income. Calculate the expense deductions for sales and non-sales employees and explain items that are excluded from your calculations. Briefly explain whether Paul should claim expenses as a sales or non-sales employee. b) Determine Paul's net income for tax purposes for 2019. c) List all items excluded from your net income calculation and explain why the item has been excluded. Note: Round all amounts to the nearest dollar and ignore GST and provincial taxes. Show the full detail of all steps in your calculations, even if the result is zero.