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Indicate which of the activities described best illustrates an activity occurring within: process specification, process measurement, and process improvement. Establishing the goals to be met by a business process as it is carried out. 1. Process Specification Applying digitalization in order to resolve 2. Process Measurement identified problems with an executing 3. Process Improvement business process. Formulating the conditions under which specific actions are to be taken (or not taken) in successfully carrying out a business process. Assessing whether or not an executing business process needs to be redesigned. Comparing a business process's performance metrics against the business process's established goals. Identifying the data to be accessed and used in carrying out a business process. Ascertaining the reasons why a business process is not achieving its performance goals and then resolving any performance issues by revising the business process, revising the goals, or both. Describing the work tasks to be completed in carrying out a business process. Ascertaining why the employees carrying out a business process are not executing the business process as expected. Defining the performance metrics that indicate how well a business process is being carried out. Indicate which of benefits described best illustrates a key property of an ERP system: multi-functional, modular, industry verticals, extensible, and integrated. Being able to execute different configurations of the same digitalized business functionality across an organization's units. 1. Multi-Functional Being able to (relatively) easily install best practice 2. Modular digitalized business functionalities. 3. Industry Verticals Being able to easily share data across digitalized 4. Extensible business functionalities. Being able to (relatively) easily sequence the installation of digitalized business functionalities over time. Being able to carry out many, if not most, of an organization's digitalized operational and managerial processes via an installed ERP system. Being able to (relatively) easily modify (via a bolt-on) the digitalized business functionalities provided through an installed ERP system. Being able to immediately access data captured by a digitalized business functionality provided via an installed ERP system. Being able to (relatively) easily add or remove business functionalities from an installed ERP system. Being able to (relatively) easily interconnect an installed ERP system with in-house digitalized business functionalities and with software packages obtained from other vendors. Being able to (relatively) easily install competitive-necessity digitalized business functionalities. Indicate which of the digital assets described best illustrates a: hardware asset, design asset, data asset, human asset, and social asset. Database management system. 1. Hardware Assets FAQ knowledgebase associated with a digitalized 2. Design Assets online desktop support capability. 3. Data Assets A desktop support staff member. 4. Human Assets A massive collection of data storage devices. S. Social Assets An organization's Director of Digital Security. Employee login passwords used to grant employees access to an organization's digitalized business processes. The relationships that exists between an organization's business analytics specialists and the business analytics experts at the vendor providing the organization's business analytics tools. Interconnection standards for connecting standalone digitalized business solutions with an organization's digital platforms. A router. Digital investment proposal policies. excellence, customer intimacy or product leadership (the three value disciplines). Speed up a firm's new product development time. Strive to understand why individual customers choose to purchase and fail to purchase a firm's products. Simplify and automate inbound/outbound logistical processes. Accelerate product innovations by collaborating with component 1. Operational Excellence 2. Customer Intimacy 3. Product suppliers and material suppliers. Introduce manufacturing process innovations by collaborating with component suppliers and material suppliers. Enhance the ease-of-use of a social media platform in order to increase the platform's participant retention rate. Determine which emerging digital technologies are most likely to make a firm's current product line obsolete. Develop a customer support staff that understands a firm's customers better than these customers understand themselves. Develop a customer support staff that obtains better than industry-average customer satisfaction ratings. Determine which emerging digital technologies are most likely to reduce downstream logistics costs. Identify which of the barriers of competitive retaliation described is best illustrative of a digital resources barrier, a complementary resources barrier, a project management capabilities barrier or a preemption barrier. A sophisticated and complex user interface. 1. Digital Resources Advanced Big Data capabilities. 2. Complementary Resources Advanced statistical capabilities. 3. Project Management Industry-leading merchandizing capabilities. 4. Preemption A capability to implement complex solutions. A capability to design and maintain loosely-connected platform architectures, A capability to implement large solutions. A requirement to deploy a unique set of operational and managerial processes. Advanced capabilities to quickly and smoothly connect/disconnect technology service providers. Very large up-front investment costs. Indicate whether influence relationship described best illustrates a positive same-side network effect, a negative same-side network effect, a positive cross-side network effect, or a negative cross-side network effect. Adding new community participants decreases 1. Positive Same-Side Effect the attractiveness of another community connected to the same market platform. Adding new community participants increases the attractiveness of the community. Adding a complementary producer-community increases the attractiveness of a market platform's consumer-community. Adding new community participants increases the attractiveness of another community connected to the same market platform. Indicate whether the organization described best illustrates a member of a pipeline ecosystem or a member of a network ecosystem. A small business produces a product sold to consumers via its own website. A bed-and-breakfast owner in a city offers rooms at her property to tourists visiting the city through a nationwide bed-and-breakfast website. A small business produces a product sold to consumers via a large online retailer. A hotel chain builds a property in a city and then offers rooms at the property to tourists visiting the city through the chain's own website. A small business produces a product sold to consumers via an online auction site. Indicate which loss description most directly illustrates a financial loos, a revenue loss, an intellectual property loss, or a reputation loss. Unwillingness of manufacturing customers to share specifications of their next generation of products. Drop in an organization's stock price. Less likelihood of a customer completing an online sales transaction. Loss of online sales because of a denial-of-service attack. Regulatory penalties for not securing clients' personal data. Indicate which action described best illustrates a risk threat most likely undertaken by a cybercriminal, a terrorist, a hactavist, an organization's employee, or an organization's executive (use each actor only once). A person uses her assigned operational access rights to create and trigger bogus payments to a fake banking account. An outsider using a stolen usemame/password to create and trigger bogus payments to a fake baking account. A person, facing tight budget conditions, deciding to use funds (under her authority) earmarked for upgrading database security to instead open up a new sales region. An outsider using a stolen username/password to launch a denial-of-secvice attack on an online cosmetics retailer believed to offer tainted (unsafe) products. An outsider using a stolen username/password to disrupt a city's electrical grid. Indicate which of the outcomes described best illustrates an outcome observed in the enterprise architecture implementation stage of: technology standardization, business process optimization, and services modularization. Lowered digital technology support costs. Increased ease of enhancing or replacing 1. Technology Standardization components within digital/business 2. Business Process Optimization platforme. 3. Services Modularization Increased work-related coordination. Lowered digital technology procurement costs. Greater ability to leverage prior digital investments within new digitalization investment proposals. Increased local digital strategy flexibility. Increased ease in implementing digital innovations. Increased ease of employees gaining access to technology services and digitalization functionalities as the employees are transferred across an organization's work units. Fewer operational problems. Decreased local technology strategy flexibillty