You receive an alert in your alert channel: "Allowed Activity - Severity 4/High IDS/IPS Alerts - From Internal--192.168.60.67--Win32/ZBot" Log sources available to you: Palo Alto NGFW WinEventLog:Security OSSEC HIDS Client email correspondence Shift logs and investigation notes Prior cases Internet With this information, please walk us through your investigation steps and how you might triage this alert. Scenario 2: While working on threat detection content development you observe some odd activity in the firewall logs. You notice a number of allowed HTTP connections outbound from a client's environment (Client IP - 192.168.10.15) towards a Russian IP address - 185.211.245.198. After further investigation you notice these HTTP connections seem to happen on a regular basis, even during off hours, in what looks to be a pattern. You know that this client's IP belongs to one of their user subnets and that this client has no business with or in Russia. We have no IDS or Anti-virus alerts for this device at this time. Please write up an escalation case communicating the observations, level of concern, and recommended actions to the client. Challenges Challenge 1 We've received an alert about a Brute Force attempt on this user. Based on the Windows Event Log below, please answer the following questions: 1. What is the account name associated with the login failures? 2. What system is this user attempting to authenticate from? 3. What domain controller are they attempting to authenticate to? 4. What does Logon Type 3 mean and what does that signify? 5. What type of authentication was used? 6. What's the other most common Windows logon authentication? 7. What do the Status and Sub Status codes mean and what does that tell us? 8. Can you conclude the investigation as a likely Brute Force event or a False Positive, and why or why not? 10/19/2020 01:03:38 PM LogName=Security SourceName=Microsoft Windows security auditing. EventCode=4625 EventType=0 Type=Information ComputerName=dendcprd02.client.com TaskCategory=Logon OpCode=Info RecordNumber=261208668 Keywords=Audit Failure Message=An account failed to log on. Subject: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: - Account Domain: - Logon ID: 0x0 Logon Type: 3 Account For Which Logon Failed: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: Sargento.Aquino Account Domain: ACME Failure Information: Failure Reason: The specified account's password has expired. Status: 0xC000006E Sub Status: 0xC0000071 Process Information: Caller Process ID: 0x0 Caller Process Name: - Network Information: Workstation Name: WS-RTJ88788FP Source Network Address: 10.14.9.47 Source Port: 52374 Detailed Authentication Information: Logon Process: NtLmSsp Authentication Package: NTLM Transited Services: - Package Name (NTLM only): - Key Length: 0 This event is generated when a logon request fails. It is generated on the computer where access was attempted. The Subject fields indicate the account on the local system which requested the logon. This is most commonly a service such as the Server service, or a local process such as Winlogon.exe or Services.exe. The Logon Type field indicates the kind of logon that was requested. The most common types are 2 (interactive) and 3 (network). The Process Information fields indicate which account and process on the system requested the logon. The Network Information fields indicate where a remote logon request originated. Workstation name is not always available and may be left blank in some cases. The authentication information fields provide detailed information about this specific logon request. - Transited services indicate which intermediate services have participated in this logon request. - Package name indicates which sub-protocol was used among the NTLM protocols. - Key length indicates the length of the generated session key. This will be 0 if no session key was requested. Challenge 2 We've received an alert for a suspicious file on a host. Based on the provided event logs, please answer the following questions: 1. What's the name of the host where the file was found? 2. Who is the user associated with this event? 3. What's the name of the file? 4. How do you think the file got on the host to begin with? 5. Can you conclude the investigation as a True or a False Positive, and why or why not? Oct 1 18:47:09 10.100.45.105 timestamp=1601587024 date=2020-10-01 time=16:17:04 logver=2 id=96554 type="event" level="info" clientfeature="sandboxing" uid="B42E0D7515AF455D90FDB8A27C9863D4" devname="FortiClient-EMS" devid="FCT8004031349617" hostname="P7RSG887TPY" pcdomain="acme.local" deviceip=192.168.216.10 devicemac="00-09-0r-vv-89-02" vd="root" fctver="6.2.6.0951" fgtserial="N/A" emsserial="FCTEMS0000090672" usingpolicy="LT-CybereasonAV" os="Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Edition, 64-bit (build 18362)" user="ojulius@ACME" msg="file is submitted to Sandbox service" file="C:\\Users\\ojulius\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Outlook\\35UR1KUV\ eport092520200944.pdf" checksum="76f671bc1e28cbdca269c0615ed4e9e398fdc7461de10ad1acdffd3ba1f79e62" ====== Oct 2 02:59:02 10.100.45.105 timestamp=1601625538 devhost="acm-denfsa01" devname="RefuseReceptacle" devid="FSA1KD3A15000102" logver=25 tzone=-18000 tz="CDT" date=2020-10-02 time=02:58:58 logid="0106000001" type="event" subtype="system" level="debug" user="system" ui="system" action="SNMP" status="success" reason="none" letype=2 msg="SNMP_v3 Trap: Risk Level:High Risk; Malware Name:N/A; File Name:report092520200944.pdf; SHA256:76f671bc1e28cbdca269c0615ed4e9e398fdc7461de10ad1acdffd3ba1f79e62; Time:1601625531; Victim IP:192.168.216.10; Rescan:0; Sender:N/A; Recipient:N/A;" Challenge 3 We've received an alert about suspicious activity from the firewall. Based on the provided logs below, please answer the follow questions: 1. What is the source of this activity? 2. What is the destination of the activity? 3. What part of the client's environment is this affecting? 4. What is the port being targeted by the attacker? 5. Is this something the client should be informed about? Why or why not? 6. What do you think is going on here? Oct 20 08:22:17 PA1.ACME.org 1,2020/10/20 08:22:16,013101004916,THREAT,vulnerability,2049,2020/10/20 08:22:16,192.241.217.192,88.66.59.62,192.241.217.192,10.6.200.239,owa.acme.org,,,web-browsing,vsys1,Untrust-L3,Trust-L3,ethernet1/11,ethernet1/9,Log Forwarding to ADCSyslog,2020/10/20 08:22:16,554581,1,38746,80,38746,80,0x412000,tcp,alert,"66.99.95.26/",ZGrab Application Layer Scanner Detection(57955),any,medium,client-to-server,6883821905258742491,0x2000000000000000,United States,United States,0,,0,,,1,,,,,,,,0,0,0,0,0,ADC-FW-A,PA1,,,,,0,,0,,N/A,info-leak,AppThreat-8332-6358,0x0,0,4294967295, ====== Oct 20 08:22:30 PA1.ACME.org 1,2020/10/20 08:22:30,013101004916,TRAFFIC,end,2049,2020/10/20 08:22:30,192.241.217.192,88.66.59.65,192.241.217.192,172.16.1.140,Direct Access - Inbound,,,web-browsing,vsys1,Untrust-L3,DMZ-L3,ethernet1/11,ethernet1/7,Log Forwarding to ADCSyslog,2020/10/20 08:22:30,389380,1,56902,80,56902,80,0x41001c,tcp,allow,1709,512,1197,10,2020/10/20 08:22:04,10,any,0,6883821905367363307,0x0,United States,United States,0,6,4,tcp-fin,0,0,0,0,ADC-FW-A,PA1,from-policy,,,0,,0,,N/A,0,0,0,0 ====== Oct 20 08:22:32 PA1.ACME.org 1,2020/10/20 08:22:31,013101004916,TRAFFIC,end,2049,2020/10/20 08:22:31,192.241.217.192,88.66.59.52,192.241.217.192,10.6.200.238,owa.acme.org,,,web-browsing,vsys1,Untrust-L3,Trust-L3,ethernet1/11,ethernet1/9,Log Forwarding to ADCSyslog,2020/10/20 08:22:31,404737,1,33274,80,33274,80,0x41001c,tcp,allow,1053,512,541,9,2020/10/20 08:22:05,10,any,0,6883821905367363898,0x0,United States,United States,0,6,3,tcp-fin,0,0,0,0,ADC-FW-A,PA1,from-policy,,,0,,0,,N/A,0,0,0,0