You recently graduated from college, and your job search led you to S&S Air. Because you felt the company's business was taking

off, you accepted a job offer. The first day on the job, while you are finishing your employment paperwork, Chris Guthrie, who

works in Finance, stops by to inform you about the company's $401(k)$ plan.

A $401(k)$ plan is a retirement plan offered by many companies. Such plans are tax$-$deferred savings vehicles, meaning that any deposits you

make into the plan are deducted from your current pretax income, so no current taxes are paid on the money. For example, assume your

salary will be $$50,000$ per year. If you contribute $$3,000$ to the $401(k)$ plan, you will pay taxes on only $$47,000$ in income. There are also no

taxes paid on any capital gains or income while you are invested in the plan, but you do pay taxes when you withdraw money at retirement.

As is fairly common, the company also has a $5$ percent match. This means that the company will match your contribution up to $5$ percent

of your salary, but you must contribute to get the match.

The $401(k)$ plan has several options for investments, most of which are mutual funds. A mutual fund is a portfolio of assets. When you

purchase shares in a mutual fund, you are actually purchasing partial ownership of the fund's assets. The return of the fund is the weighted

average of the return of the assets owned by the fund, minus any expenses. The larges expense is typically the management fee, paid to the

fund manager. The management fee is compensation for the manager, who makes all of the investment decisions for the fund.

S&S Air uses Bledsoe Financial Services as its $401(k)$ plan administrator. Here are the investment options offered for employees:

Company Stock One option in the $401(k)$ plan is stock in S&S Air. The company is currently privately held. However, when you interviewed

with the owners, Mark Sexton and Todd Story, they informed you the company stock is expected to go public in the next three to four years.

Until then, a company stock price is set each year by the board of directors.

Bledsoe S&P $500$ Index Fund This mutual fund tracks the S&P $500.$ Stocks in the fund are weighted exactly the same as the S&P $500.$ This

means the fund return is approximately the return on the S&P S$00,$ minus expenses. Because an index fund purchases assets based on the

composition of the index it is following, the fund manager is not required to research stocks and make investment decisions. The result is

that the fund expenses are usually low. The Bledsoe S&P S$00$ Index Fund charges expenses of $\mathrm{.}15$ percent of assets per year.

Bledsoe Small$-$Cap Fund This fund primarily invests in small$-$capitalization stocks. As such, the returns of the fund are more volatile. The

fund can also invest $10$ percent of its assets in companies based outside the United States. This fund charges $1\mathrm{.}70$ percent in expenses.

Bledsoe Large$-$Company Stock Fund This fund invests primarily in large$-$capitalization stocks of companies based in the United States. The

fund is managed by Evan Bledsoe and has outperformed the market in six of the last eight years. The fund charges $1\mathrm{.}50$ percent in expenses.

Bledsoe Bond Fund This fund invests in long$-$term corporate bonds issued by U$.$S$.$domiciled companies. The fund is restricted to

imestments in bonds with an investment$-$grade credit rating. This fund charges $1\mathrm{.}40$ percent in expenses.

Bledsoe Money Market Fund This fund invests in short$-$term, high credit$-$quality debt instruments, which include Treasury bills. As such, the

return on the money market fund is only slightly higher than the return on Treasury bills. Because of the credit quality and short$-$term

nature of the investments, there is only a very slight risk of a negative return. The fund charges $\mathrm{.}60$ percent in expenses.

QUESTIONS

What advantages do the mutual funds offer compared to the company stock?

Assume that you invest $5$ percent of your salary and receive the full $5$ percent match from S&S Air. What EAR do you earn from the

match? What conclusions do you draw about matching plans?

Assume you decide you should invest at least part of your money in large$-$capitalization stocks of companies based in the United States.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of choosing the Bledsoe Large$-$Company Stock Fund compared to the Bledsoe S&P $500$

Index Fund?

The returns on the Bledsoe Small$-$Cap Fund are the most wolatile of all the mutual funds offered in the $401(k)$ plan. Why would you ever

want to invest in this fund? When you examine the expenses of the mutual funds, you will notice that this fund also has the highest

expenses. Does this affect your decision to invest in this fund?