You're working on a recipe management application to help people organize their favorite dishes. However, the current system stores each recipe as a simple list of ingredients and instructions. This makes searching and filtering recipes by specific dietary needs or ingredients difficult.

Explain how you can leverage Object$-$Oriented Programming $($OOP$)$ principles to improve the recipe management application. Consider using classes, inheritance, and polymorphism to address the limitations of the current system.

Your answer should cover:

The classes you would create to represent recipes, ingredients, and potentially dietary categories. $(7$ marks$)$

How these classes would encapsulate relevant data and functionalities. $(6$ marks$)$