You've been asked to tutor Adaira, a finance student who doesn't feel comfortable about her understanding of the relationship between a company's business activities, its financial accounts, and the company's financial ratios. To better appreciate these relationships, you've created the following exercises for Adaira to complete. The purpose of these exercises is to help Adaira (1) understand the effect of business transactions on financial statement-such as balance sheet and income statement-accounts and (2) how these changes in the numerators and denominators of financial ratios affect the ratios' values. However, before using these exercises in your tutoring session later today, you'll want to run the calculations on the following two business transactions, to verify the accuracy of your answers. To provide a consistent frame of reference for the company's financial statements and ratios, assume that the following balance sheet and income statement reflect the company's pretransaction condition and performance. Cash Edinburgh Exports Inc.'s Pretransaction Statement of Financial Condition $15,000 Accounts payable $20,000 Marketable securities 10,000 Wages payable 20,000 Accounts receivable 470,000 Taxes payable 10,000 Inventory 500,000 Notes payable 50,000 Prepaid expenses 5,000 Total current liabilities 100,000 Total current assets 1,000,000 Long-term debt 500,000 Total liabilities 600,000 Gross plant and equipment 1,500,000 Common stock 150,000 Accumulated depreciation 500,000 Capital paid in excess of par 350,000 Net plant and equipment 1,000,000 Retained earnings 900,000 Total equity 1,400,000 Total assets $2,000,000 Total debt and equity $2,000,000 Edinburgh Exports Inc.'s Pretransaction Statement of Financial Performance Sales $5,000,000 Less: Cost of goods sold 1 2,000,000 Gross profit 3,000,000 Less: Operating expenses 600,000 Operating profit (EBIT) 2,400,000 Less: Interest expense 2 33,000 Earnings before taxes (EBT) 2,367,000 Less: Tax expense3 828,450 Net income $1,538,550 1 Cost of goods sold equals 40% of sales. 2 Interest expense equals 6% of the combined notes payable and long-term debt balances. 3The average federal and state tax rate is 35%. Indicate if any of the listed financial statement accounts is affected by the following business transactions and whether the listed ratios will increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as a result of the transaction. (Hint: Assume that the business transaction occurs exactly as stated without interpreting it further. Do not consider any related transactions that may occur before or after the specified transaction.)(Note: Assume 365 days year.) Business Transaction 1 Edinburgh Exports Inc. (EEI) purchases a new piece of equipment for $50,000, using a cash down payment of $5,000 and a note payable for the outstanding balance. Check if the Account Is Affected by the Specified Transaction Financial Account Retained earnings Accounts payable Notes payable Cost of goods sold O O OOO Gross plant and equipment Cash Financial Ratio Ratio's Behavior Average collection period Debt ratio Times interest earned Fixed assets turnover Quick ratio Return on common equity Business Transaction 2 Edinburgh Exports Inc. (EEI) pays $10,000 of its federal and state taxes payable. Check if the Account Is Affected by the Specified Transaction Financial Account Long-term debt Prepaid expenses Net income Cash Taxes payable Financial Ratio Ratio's Behavior Return on assets Operating profit margin Debt ratio Times interest earned Quick ratio Average collection period You've been asked to tutor Adaira, a finance student who doesn't feel comfortable about her understanding of the relationship between a company's business activities, its financial accounts, and the company's financial ratios. To better appreciate these relationships, you've created the following exercises for Adaira to complete. The purpose of these exercises is to help Adaira (1) understand the effect of business transactions on financial statement-such as balance sheet and income statement-accounts and (2) how these changes in the numerators and denominators of financial ratios affect the ratios' values. However, before using these exercises in your tutoring session later today, you'll want to run the calculations on the following two business transactions, to verify the accuracy of your answers. To provide a consistent frame of reference for the company's financial statements and ratios, assume that the following balance sheet and income statement reflect the company's pretransaction condition and performance. Cash Edinburgh Exports Inc.'s Pretransaction Statement of Financial Condition $15,000 Accounts payable $20,000 Marketable securities 10,000 Wages payable 20,000 Accounts receivable 470,000 Taxes payable 10,000 Inventory 500,000 Notes payable 50,000 Prepaid expenses 5,000 Total current liabilities 100,000 Total current assets 1,000,000 Long-term debt 500,000 Total liabilities 600,000 Gross plant and equipment 1,500,000 Common stock 150,000 Accumulated depreciation 500,000 Capital paid in excess of par 350,000 Net plant and equipment 1,000,000 Retained earnings 900,000 Total equity 1,400,000 Total assets $2,000,000 Total debt and equity $2,000,000 Edinburgh Exports Inc.'s Pretransaction Statement of Financial Performance Sales $5,000,000 Less: Cost of goods sold 1 2,000,000 Gross profit 3,000,000 Less: Operating expenses 600,000 Operating profit (EBIT) 2,400,000 Less: Interest expense 2 33,000 Earnings before taxes (EBT) 2,367,000 Less: Tax expense3 828,450 Net income $1,538,550 1 Cost of goods sold equals 40% of sales. 2 Interest expense equals 6% of the combined notes payable and long-term debt balances. 3The average federal and state tax rate is 35%. Indicate if any of the listed financial statement accounts is affected by the following business transactions and whether the listed ratios will increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as a result of the transaction. (Hint: Assume that the business transaction occurs exactly as stated without interpreting it further. Do not consider any related transactions that may occur before or after the specified transaction.)(Note: Assume 365 days year.) Business Transaction 1 Edinburgh Exports Inc. (EEI) purchases a new piece of equipment for $50,000, using a cash down payment of $5,000 and a note payable for the outstanding balance. Check if the Account Is Affected by the Specified Transaction Financial Account Retained earnings Accounts payable Notes payable Cost of goods sold O O OOO Gross plant and equipment Cash Financial Ratio Ratio's Behavior Average collection period Debt ratio Times interest earned Fixed assets turnover Quick ratio Return on common equity Business Transaction 2 Edinburgh Exports Inc. (EEI) pays $10,000 of its federal and state taxes payable. Check if the Account Is Affected by the Specified Transaction Financial Account Long-term debt Prepaid expenses Net income Cash Taxes payable Financial Ratio Ratio's Behavior Return on assets Operating profit margin Debt ratio Times interest earned Quick ratio Average collection period