A researcher is interested in whether massed or spaced studying has a greater impact on grades in a course. The researcher has her class study for 6 hours all in one day for one exam (massed study condition). She has them study for 2 hours each day for 3 days for another exam (3-day spaced condition). Last, she has them study for 1 hour a day for 6 days for a third exam (6-day spaced condition). The mean exam score (out of a possible 100 points) for each condition appears next, along with the ANOVA summary table.

a. Complete the ANOVA summary table.

b. Is F_obt significant at α = .05; at α = .01?

c. Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.

d. What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc comparisons?

e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?

f. Graph the means.

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df Source MS Subject Between 136.96 3,350.96 499.03 Error Total 3,986.95 Study Condition Massed Mean 69.13 15 3-day spaced 6-day spaced 79.33 15 90.27 15