a Your answer will depend on the random number you select as the starting point for your systematic sample. However, the process you followed to select your sample is likely to be similar to that outlined. As a 10 per cent sample has been requested, the sampling fraction is 1/10. Your starting point is selected using a random number between 0 and 9, in this case 2. Once the firm numbered 2 has been selected, every tenth firm is selected:

2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 These are shaded in brown on the sampling frame and will result in a regular pattern whatever the starting point:

b The average (mean) annual output of fi rms for your sample will depend upon where you started your systematic sample. For the sample selected above it is £757,000.
c Systematic sampling has provided a poor estimate of the annual output because there is an underlying pattern in the data, which has resulted in fi rms with similar levels of output being selected.

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