Jackson and Ashley Turner (both 45 years old) are married and want to contribute to a Roth IRA for Ashley. In 2019, their AGI is $197,000. Jackson and Ashley each earned half of the income.

a. How much can Ashley contribute to her Roth IRA if they file a joint return?

b. How much can Ashley contribute if she files a separate return?

c. Assume that Ashley earned all of the couple’s income and that she contributed the maximum amount she is allowed to contribute to a Roth IRA. What amount can be contributed to Jackson’s Roth IRA?