Malcolm owns 60% and Buddy owns 40% of Magpie Corporation. On July 1, 2018, each lends the corporation $30,000 at an annual interest rate of 5%. Malcolm and Buddy are not related. Both shareholders use the cash method of accounting, and Magpie Corporation is on the accrual method. All parties use the calendar year for tax purposes. On June 30, 2019, Magpie repays the loans of $60,000 together with the specified interest of $3,000.
a. How much of the interest can Magpie Corporation deduct in 2018? In 2019?
b. When is the interest included in Malcolm and Buddy's gross income?