5 Explain what is meant by a spurious association. = ==

a) Illustrate using the variables X = shoe size. X2 = age, and number of books one has ever read. for a random sample of children froin schools in Winnipeg, Canada.

b) Illustrate using the vanables X, shoe size. X2 gender, and Y = annual income, for a random sample of adults. Draw a scatter diagram to illustrate this case if. overall, men tend to have larger shoes and higher income, on the average, than females.