Howell and Huessy (1981) used a rating scale to classify children in a second-grade class as showing or not showing behavior commonly associated with attention deficit disorder

(ADD). They then classified these same children again when they later were in fourth and fifth grades. When the children reached the end of the ninth grade, the researchers examined school records and noted which children were enrolled in remedial English. In the following data, all children who were ever classified as exhibiting behavior associated with ADD have been combined into one group (labeled ADD):

Remedial English Nonremedial English Normal 22 187 209 ADD 19 74 93 41 261 302 Does behavior during elementary school discriminate class assignment during high school?