The sample in Table 8.16 is 382 black Americans.

Table 8.21 shows cell counts and standardized residuals for income and happiness for white subjects in the 2014 General Social Survey.

(a) Interpret the Pearson chi-squared statistic and its P-value.

(b) Interpret the standardized residuals in the four corner cells.

TABLE 8.21 Rows: income Columns: happiness not pretty very below 128 324 107 9.14 0.95 -7.47 average 66 479 295

-5.27 0.57 3.12 above 35 247 184

-3.62 -1.66 4.33 Cell Contents: Count Standardized residual Pearson Chi-Square = 114.7, DF = 4, P-Value = 0.000