A recent study5 analyzed the effect of x1 = work hours per day and x2 = commuting time to work on y = political participation. For the cluster sample of 1001 adult Americans, ¯x1 = 8.4 hours (s = 2.4) and ¯x2 = 19.8 minutes (s = 13.6). Political participation, which was a composite variable based on responses to several questions and coded to range from 0 to 1, has ¯y = 0.20

(s = 0.24). The multiple regression model, which also included control and mediating variables, had estimated effects 0.017 (se = 0.070) for work hours and −0.120

(se = 0.040) for commuting time.

(a) Find and interpret the estimated standardized regression coefficients.

(b) Explain how the estimates with their se values and the standardized coefficients support their conclusion that

“While work itself exerted no effect on participation, the amount of time spent getting to and from work does.”