Answer true or false for each of the following, and explain your answer:

(a) P(Type II error) = 1 − P(Type I error).

(b) If we reject H0 using α = 0.01, then we also reject it using α = 0.05.

(c) The P-value is the probability that H0 is true. (Hint:

Do we find probabilities about variables and their statistics, or about parameters?)

(d) An article in an anthropology journal reports P =

0.063 for testing H0: μ = 0 against Ha: μ = 0. If the authors had instead reported a 95% confidence interval for

μ, then the interval would have contained 0, and readers could have better judged just which values are plausible for μ.