Areport by the Collaborative onAcademic Careers in Higher Education indicated that there is a notable gap between female and male academics in their confidence that tenure rules are clear, with men feeling more confident.

The 4500 faculty members in the survey were asked to evaluate policies on a scale of 1 to 5 (very unclear to very clear). The mean response about the criteria for tenure was 3.51 for females and 3.55 for males, which was indicated to meet the test for statistical significance. Use this study to explain the distinction between statistical significance and practical significance.