The Human Development Index (HDI) is an index the United Nations uses to give a summary rating for each nation based on life expectancy at birth, educational attainment, and income. In 2014, the 10 nations (in order)

with the highestHDIrating, followed by the percentage of seats in their parliament held by women (which is a measure of gender empowerment), were Norway 40,Australia 31, Switzerland 28, Netherlands 38, United States 18, Germany 32, New Zealand 32, Canada 28, Singapore 24, and Denmark 39. For these data, ¯y = 31 and s = 7.Would s increase, or decrease,

(a) if the United States were removed from the data set?

(b) ifAustralia were removed? Explain.