16. Animation Helps? To explore the use of animation versus static images in a learning setting, a factorial experiment measured retention of information under four factorial conditions: with animation or without animation; and reinforcement through snapshots or without snapshots of the major frames in the animation.8 It was expected that the animation, as well as having the snapshots available, would lead to better retention of information. The following data are based on the results of their experiment:

What are the factors used in this experiment? Identify the design and use the appropriate analysis in investigating the differences among treatments. Produce any plots that would help in this investigation.
Summarize your conclusions based on the results of your analysis.

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Static Snapshots Without Learning Setting Animated With Without With 58.9 42.0 57.7 64.3 48.9 53.9 55.9 66.4 51.8 54.4 57.2 63.1 53.0 47.6 65.1 55.8 51.3 50.5 59.3 57.9 49.8 50.2 65.7 61.5 61.5 47.0 60.8 61.2 47.8 52.4 59.3 61.9