Privitera and Freeman (2012) constructed a scale to measure or estimate the daily fat intake of participants; the scale was called the estimated daily intake scale for fat (EDIS-F). To validate the assertion that the EDIS-F could indeed estimate daily intake of fat, the researchers tested the extent to which scores on the scale could predict liking for a high-fat food (as would be expected if the scale were measuring daily fat intake). Liking was recorded such that higher scores indicated greater liking for the food. The researchers found that liking for the high-fat food (Y) could be predicted by scores on the EDIS-F (X) using the following regression equation: Ŷ = 1.01X + 4.71. Using this regression equation:
a. Is the correlation positive or negative? Explain.
b. If a participant scores 40 on the EDIS-F, then what is the expected liking rating for the high-fat food?