1 Select the most appropriate description of the consent obtained in the situations below.

Options:

(a) Positive consent

(b) Passive consent

(c) No consent

(i) As part of a research project, children receive a short dental examination during school hours. Parents are asked to provide a note to the class teacher if they do not wish their child to be involved in the study.

(ii) The dentist asks patients at a dental practice whether they are happy with their proposed treatment plan before work commences.

(iii) Without previously checking with the patient, a dentist proceeds with fi llings as soon as a dental examination has been performed.