3-31. Four aces are removed from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. The remaining 48 cards are put aside and the four aces are shuffled and laid face down on a table. Let us define the events:

C: the ace of clubs;

D: the ace of diamonds;

H: the ace of hearts; and S: the ace of spades.

One card is to be selected at random. Determine if the events R =

{C,D},Q = {C,H}, and T = {C, S} are independent.