Job performance under time pressure. Time pressure is common at firms that must meet hard and fast deadlines. How do employees working in teams perform when they perceive time pressure? And, can this performance improve with a strong team leader? These were the research questions of interest in a study published in the Academy of Management Journal (October 2015). Data were collected on n = 139 project teams working for a software company in India. Among the many variables recorded were team performance (y, measured on a 7-point scale), perceived time pressure (x1, measured on a 7-point scale), and whether or not the team had a strong and effective team leader (x2 = 1 if yes, 0 if no). The researchers hypothesized a curvilinear relationship between team performance 1y2 and perceived time pressure (x1), with different-shaped curves depending on whether or not the team had an effective leader (x2). A model for E1y2 that supports this theory is the complete second-order model: E1y2 = b0 + b1x1 + b2x1 2 + b3x2 + b4x1x2 + b5x1 2 x2

a. Write the equation for E1y2 as a function of x1 when the team leader is not effective 1x2 = 02.

b. Write the equation for E1y2 as a function of x1 when the team leader is effective 1x2 = 12.

c. The researchers reported the following b-estimates: b0 n = 4.5 , b1 n = -.13, b2 n = -.17, b3 n = .15, b4 n = .15, and b5 n = .29. Use these estimates to sketch the two equations, parts a and

b. What is the nature of the curvilinear relationship when the team leaders is not effective? Effective?