“Pitching wins the pennant” is one of the important theories in baseball. A statistician wants to know whether this is true. He used last year’s results, which are given in the accompanying table, as the sample. From the performance of these 12 teams, can he argue that winning percentage and earned-run average are negatively correlated? Do a test at a 10 percent level of acceptance, assuming that the data do not follow a normal distribution.

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Winning percentage .634 .611 .598 .573 .531 .521 .479 .469 .427 .402 .389 .366 Eamed-run average 3.24 3.35 3.36 3.21 3.87 3.69 3.98 4.23 4.59 4.21 3.72 3.98