Service robots in hotels. To increase efficiency and reduce labor costs, many hotels now employ service robots to interact with their guests. Hotel guests’ perceptions of the service quality of these robots were studied in the Journal of Hospitality, Marketing & Management (January 2020). The researchers considered services delivered in one of three ways: (1) human staff only, (2) service robot only, and (3) combined human staff and service robot. A total of 339 adults who had recently stayed at a hotel participated in the study. These individuals were randomly assigned to view photographs that visually portrayed one of the three service conditions. Based on the photos, each participant used a 5-point scale to rate the hotel-guest interaction quality, the overall quality of service outcome, and the physical appeal of the hotel. An ANOVA for a completely randomized design was conducted in order to compare the mean quality ratings of the three service conditions. NW

a. What are the treatments for this study?

b. Write the null and alternative hypothesis tested.

c. In the ANOVA, how many degrees of freedom are associated with treatments? Error?

d. Find the critical F-value for the test using a = .05.

e. For the dependent variable “interaction quality,” the ANOVA test statistic is F =